Tham khảo Gấu đen Bắc Mỹ

  1. 1 2 3 4 http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/41687/0
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 http://www.bear.org/website/
  3. 1 2 3 4 C. Servheen, H. Herrero and B. Peyton (1999) Bears: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan, ISBN 2-8317-0462-6
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2518930/
  5. 1 2 Craighead, Lance (2003) Bears of the World, Voyageur Press, ISBN 0-89658-008-3
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Hunter, Luke (2011) Carnivores of the World, Princeton University Press, ISBN 9780691152288
  7. Woodburne, Michael O. (2004). Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic Mammals of North America: Biostratigraphy and Geochronology. Columbia University Press. pp. 178, 252. ISBN 978-0-231-13040-0.
  8. Kurten, B., and E. Anderson (1980). Pleistocene mammals of North America. Columbia University Press, New York, ISBN 0231516967.
  9. 1 2 Wolverton, S. and Lyman, R. L. (1998). "Measuring late Quaternary Ursid diminution in the Midwest". Quaternary Research 49 (3): 322–329.
  10. Lisette Waits, David Paetkau, and Curtis Strobeck, "Overview" from Genetics of the Bears of the World chapter 3 of Bears: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan, compiled by Christopher Servheen, Stephen Herrero and Bernard Peyton, IUCN/SSC Bear Specialist Group
  11. http://www.bearbiology.com/fileadmin/tpl/Downloads/URSUS/Vol_2/Herrero.pdf
  12. 1 2 http://web.archive.org/web/20110725231054/http://www.grizzlybear.org/bearbook/american_black_bear.htm
  13. http://www.catsg.org/catsglib/recordetail.php?recordid=5322
  14. http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1666/09-113.1
  15. http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/animals/mammal/uram/all.html
  16. 1 2 3 4 5 6 http://web.archive.org/web/20110723235737/http://wildlife1.wildlifeinformation.org/000ADOBES/Bears/Bears_IUCN_ActionPlan/bearsAP_chapter8.pdf
  17. 1 2 http://www.wwf.ca/newsroom/?1058
  18. http://www.blackbearsociety.org/bearPopulationbyState.html
  19. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1644/1545-1410%282001%29647%3C0001%3AUA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
  20. http://www.americanbear.org/otherbears.htm
  21. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Brown, Gary (1993). The great bear almanac. Lyons & Burford. ISBN 978-1-55821-210-7.
  22. http://www.bearbiology.com/fileadmin/tpl/Downloads/URSUS/Vol_3/Bacon_Burghardt_B_Vol_3.pdf
  23. http://westernwildlife.org/black-bear-outreach-project/biology-behavior-3/
  24. 1 2 Scorzafava, Dick (2007). Radical Bear Hunter. Stackpole Books. ISBN 978-0-8117-3418-9.
  25. http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Ursus_americanus.html
  26. http://www.arkive.org/american-black-bear/ursus-americanus/
  27. http://www.carnivoreconservation.org/files/thesis/peacock_2004_phd.pdf
  28. Peacock, Elizabeth (2004). Population, Genetic and Behavioral Studies of Black Bears Ursus americanus in Southeast Alaska. PhD Thesis, University of Nevada, Reno
  29. http://www.discoverlife.org/nh/tx/Vertebrata/Mammalia/Ursidae/Ursus/americanus/
  30. Barnes, V.G., and O.E. Bray. 1967. Population characteristics and activities of black bears in Yellowstone National Park. Final rep., Colorado Wildl. Res. Unit, Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins; cited in Characteristics of Black Bears and Grizzly Bears in YNP. nps.gov
  31. BLACK BEARS IN NEW YORK: Natural History, Range, and Interactions with People. Bureau of Wildlife – Black Bear Management Team, 2003; Second Edition: 2007
  32. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Wood, Gerald (1983). The Guinness Book of Animal Facts & Feats. Sterling Publishing Co. ISBN 978-0-85112-235-9.
  33. Stabile, Jim (2011-12-16) "829-pound bear takes record in N.J. hunt". Daily Record
  34. http://www.poconorecord.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20101119/NEWS/11190341/-1/NEWS01
  35. Ursus thibetanus (G. Cuvier, 1823)
  36. 1 2 3 4 5 Herrero, Stephen (2002). Bear Attacks: Their Causes and Avoidance. Globe Pequot. ISBN 978-1-58574-557-9.
  37. 1 2 3 4 5 </Macdonald, D.W. (2006) The Encyclopedia of Mammals. Oxford University Press, Oxford ISBN 0199567999.
  38. 1 2 3 Nowak, R.M. (1991) Walker's Mammals of the World. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London.
  39. http://www.nps.gov/yell/naturescience/denning.htm
  40. Bennett, Bobby (Spring 2006). "Hibernation of the Black and Brown Bear". Mountain Research Station. 22.12.2009.
  41. http://www.llbc.leg.bc.ca/public/pubdocs/bcdocs/373436/chapter%202.8.pdf
  42. 1 2 3 4 http://www.nps.gov/dewa/naturescience/upload/cmsstgBEAR.pdf
  43. Goals, Ben. "American Black Bear Teaching Guide". Cornell. Truy cập ngày 22 tháng 11 năm 2009.
  44. https://web.archive.org/web/20110602095210/http://nationalzoo.si.edu/publications/zoogoer/1999/2/fact-americanblack.cfm
  45. Catherine et Rémy Marion, Cap sur les ours, Paris, Nathan, 1997, p. 41
  46. http://news.bbc.co.uk/earth/hi/earth_news/newsid_8344000/8344367.stm
  47. Smith, R. (1983). Mule deer reproduction and survival in the LaSal Mountains of Utah, M.S. thesis, Utah State University, Logan.
  48. 1 2 http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/abs/10.1139/z88-179#.U9zlQeOSwSs
  49. http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/3801608?uid=3738936&uid=2&uid=4&sid=21104550097493
  50. Schlegal, M. (1976). "Factor affecting calf elk survival in north central Idaho". Western Association of State Game and Fish Commission 56: 342–355.
  51. http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/3808038?uid=3738936&uid=2&uid=4&sid=21104550097493
  52. http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/3800894?uid=3738936&uid=2&uid=4&sid=21104550097493
  53. http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.2192/URSUS-D-10-00024.1
  54. Austin, M. A., Obbard, M. E. and Kolenosky, G. B. (1994). "Evidence for a black bear, Ursus americanus, killing an adult moose, Alces alces". The Canadian Field Naturalist 108: 236–238.
  55. 1 2 Roosevelt, Theodore (2007). Hunting the Grisly and Other Sketches. ReadHowYouWant.com. pp. 33–. ISBN 978-1-4250-7306-0.
  56. 1 2 http://web.archive.org/web/20061017112052/http://texnat.tamu.edu/ranchref/predator/bears/t-bears.htm
  57. http://www.greateryellowstonescience.org/files/pdf/ys5-gunther.pdf
  58. http://www.nps.gov/yell/naturescience/upload/predation.pdf
  59. http://publications.gc.ca/collections/Collection/CW69-14-166-2002E.pdf
  60. http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/3873109?uid=3738936&uid=2&uid=4&sid=21104550204413
  61. http://thelibrary.org/lochist/turnbo/V12/ST363.html
  62. http://www.freewebs.com/mountainlionsinfo/cougarvsbearsaccounts.htm
  63. Mech, L. David and Boitani, Luigi (2001). Wolves: Behaviour, Ecology and Conservation. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 448. ISBN 0-226-51696-2.
  64. http://www.ecoearth.info/shared/reader/welcome.aspx?linkid=22714&keybold=predator%20AND%20%20coyote
  65. Crocodiles: Proceedings of the 6th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN publication. New series). IUCN (1986), ISBN 2880329051.
  66. http://www.keywestaquarium.com/alligator
  67. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/09/080930135301.htm
  68. http://sacramento.cbslocal.com/2012/03/29/bear-saves-hiker-from-cougar-in-butte-county/
  69. Catherine et Rémy Marion, Cap sur les ours, Paris, Nathan, 1997, p. 17
  70. https://web.archive.org/web/20101226205341/http://www.messybeast.com/genetics/hybrid-bears.htm
  71. http://darwin-online.org.uk/EditorialIntroductions/Freeman_VariationunderDomestication.html
  72. Smith, Richard P. (2007) "Hybrid Black Bear" in Black Bear Hunting, Stackpole Books, ISBN 0-8117-0269-3
  73. Lippincott, Joshua B. (2009) Folklore and Legends of the North American Indian, Abela Publishing Ltd, ISBN 0-9560584-6-9
  74. Bastian, Dawn Elaine and Mitchell, Judy K. (2004). Handbook of Native American mythology, ABC-CLIO, ISBN 1-85109-533-0.
  75. Averkieva, Julia and Sherman, Mark, Kwakiutl String Figures, UBC Press, 1992, ISBN 0-7748-0432-7
  76. Clark, LaVerne Harrell (2001). They sang for horses: the impact of the horse on Navajo & Apache folklore, University Press of Colorado, ISBN 0-87081-496-6
  77. http://web.archive.org/web/20071217035253/http://www.americaslibrary.gov/cgi-bin/page.cgi/aa/presidents/roosevelt/bears_1
  78. https://web.archive.org/web/20070703045949/http://www.cbc.ca/winnie/
  79. http://web.archive.org/web/20100619235709/http://nationalzoo.si.edu/Publications/ZooGoer/2002/6/smokey.cfm
  80. 1 2 Kruuk, Hans (2002). Hunter and hunted: relationships between carnivores and people, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-89109-4
  81. 1 2 Shockey, Jim (1999-04-01). "Black Bears—Simple Fools or Cunning Killers". Outdoor Life. Truy cập 20.10.2008.
  82. http://articles.latimes.com/1997/aug/17/news/mn-23311
  83. http://www.wjhg.com/home/headlines/Black-Bear-Attacks-Dog-163784946.html
  84. Frequently Asked Questions Regarding Bears – Denali National Park & Preserve. Nps.gov. 21.12.2012.
  85. http://www.uaex.edu/publications/pdf/FSA-9087.pdf
  86. 1 2 Nelson, Richard K. Hunters of the northern forest: designs for survival among the Alaskan Kutchin, University of Chicago Press, 1986, ISBN 0-226-57181-5
  87. Schuh, Dwight R. (1992) Bowhunter's Encyclopedia, Stackpole Books, ISBN 0-8117-2412-3
  88. Partington, Charles Frederick (1835) The British Cyclopædia of Natural History: Combining a Scientific Classification of Animals, Plants, and Minerals, Vol. 1, Orr & Smith.
  89. http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2010/07/nj_environmental_comissioner_g.html
  90. http://publicmind.fdu.edu/1011bears/
  91. Roosevelt, Theodore. Hunting Trips of a Ranchman: Hunting Trips on the Prairie and in the Mountains, Adamant Media Corporation, ISBN 1-4212-6647-4
  92. Smith, Richard P. (2007) Black Bear Hunting, Stackpole Books, ISBN 0-8117-0269-3

Tài liệu tham khảo

WikiPedia: Gấu đen Bắc Mỹ http://www.llbc.leg.bc.ca/public/pubdocs/bcdocs/37... http://publications.gc.ca/collections/Collection/C... http://www.wwf.ca/newsroom/?1058 http://www.bearbiology.com/fileadmin/tpl/Downloads... http://www.bearbiology.com/fileadmin/tpl/Downloads... http://sacramento.cbslocal.com/2012/03/29/bear-sav... http://www.freewebs.com/mountainlionsinfo/cougarvs... http://www.keywestaquarium.com/alligator http://articles.latimes.com/1997/aug/17/news/mn-23... http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2010/07/nj_enviro...